1. Bus Topology :
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Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.
Features
- It transmits data in one direction only.
- Every device is connected to a single cable.
Advantages
- It is cost effective.
- Cable required is least compared to other network
- Used in small networks
- It is easy to understand
- Easy to expand joining two cables together.
Disadvantages
- If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases.
- Cable has a limited length.
- It is slower than the ring topology.
- Cable fails, then whole network fails
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It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first.
Exactly two neighbours for each device.
Features
- A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes, because if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.
- The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.
- In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposite direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a backup, to keep the network up.
- Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted, has to pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.
Advantages
Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can transmit data.
Cheap to install and expand
Disadvantages
- Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
- Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.
- Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.